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John Hoskins (officer)
Vice Admiral John Madison Hoskins (October 22, 1898 – March 30, 1964) was an officer and aviator in the United States Navy. Four years after graduating the United States Naval Academy, Hoskins entered flight school and served his entire career in naval aviation, eventually commanding aircraft carriers in the Pacific Ocean during World War II. Despite losing his right foot in an explosion aboard (CVL-23) in 1944, Hoskins refused retirement and went on to serve as the first commanding officer of the new (CV-37). After the war, Hoskins became a leading proponent of jet aircraft on carriers, was assigned to training command of the first naval aviators designated for carrier assignment, and himself flew as commanding officer of the flight demonstration which convinced the Department of the Navy that jet aircraft should be a part of the aircraft carrier's fixed-wing complement.
In the early days of the Korean War, Hoskins's was the first carrier group on station following the outbreak of hostilities on the Korean peninsula; the naval flight group under his command based on was the first to give airborne support to retreating South Korean army units. While he was commanding officer of ''Valley Forge'', the carrier and her aircraft were twice deployed to the war zone to repel advances by the enemy and were major contributors to the successful Inchon landings. Before his retirement, he was made the subject of a 1955 biographical film by Republic Pictures entitled ''The Eternal Sea'' with Sterling Hayden and Alexis Smith portraying Hoskins and his wife Sue.
==Early life and education==
Hoskins was born on October 22, 1898 to Thomas Jefferson and Lucy Renfro Hopkins in Pineville, Kentucky, the county seat of Bell County. Pineville was originally called Cumberland Ford, because at this point the Cumberland River could be crossed by the Wilderness Road. The youngest of six children, Hoskins only completed one year of high school and had a difficult time gaining entrance to the naval academy at Annapolis, Maryland, having to take the written entrance examinations three times and physical examination four times before gaining entrance one month shy of his 19th birthday.
Hoskins had a hard time getting through his first year at the academy, ranking 299 out of 300 classmates academically. He also lagged behind his classmates physically, needing continuing special instruction to pass swimming tests.〔 Hoskins improved his class ranking to 201 by the end of his senior year but also accumulated 123 demerits.〔 Classmates remember cadet Hoskins as being "the loudest and most obnoxious snorer", but was saluted by classmates in the Academy yearbook as a ladies' man, "He can convince any femme that she is the best friend he has in the world ... any chaperone that her presence is unnecessary".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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